Events

• 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
• 1301 - Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Arpad dynasty in Hungary.
• 1501 - Martin Luther, age 17, enters the University of Erfurt.
• 1514 - Pope Leo X issues a papal bull against slavery.
• 1539 - Spain annexes Cuba.
• 1639 - The "Fundamental Orders", the first written constitution that created a government, is adopted in Connecticut.
• 1724 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne.
• 1761 - The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in India between the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marhatas. The Afghan victory changed the course of Indian History.
• 1784 - American Revolutionary War: The United States ratifies a peace treaty with England.
• 1814 - Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in return for Pomerania.
• 1822 - Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrius Ypsilanti.
• 1858 - Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt.
• 1907 - An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.
• 1913 - First Balkan War: The Greek army defeats the Turks at Bizani.
• 1938 - Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.
• 1943 - World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.
• 1943 - Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel via airplane while in office He travelled from Miami, Florida to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill to discuss World War II.
• 1950 - The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight.
• 1953 - President Josip Broz Tito is elected president of Yugoslavia.
• 1954 - The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation forming the American Motors Corporation.
• 1967 - Counterculture of the 1960s: The Human Be-In, takes place in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, launching the Summer of Love. Between 20,000 to 30,000 people attend.
• 1969 - An explosion aboard the USS Enterprise near Hawaii kills 27 people.
• 1972 - Queen Margrethe II of Denmark ascends the throne, the first Queen of Denmark since 1412 and the first Danish monarch not named Frederick or Christian since 1513.
• 1975 - Teenage heiress Lesley Whittle is kidnapped by Donald Neilson, aka "the Black Panther".
• 1994 - President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin accords.
• 1998 - Researchers in Dallas, Texas present findings about an enzyme that slows aging and cell death (apoptosis).
• 1998 - An Afghan cargo plane crashes into a mountain in southwest Pakistan killing more than 50 people.
• 2000 - A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Muslims in a Bosnian village.
• 2004 - The national flag of Georgia, the so-called "five cross flag", was restored to official use after a hiatus of some 500 years.
• 2005 - Landing of the Huygens probe on Saturn's moon Titan.

Births